When urinary iodine of a urine sample exceeded 500 g/L, it was diluted with purified water. Delivery of iodized salt is sporadic, especially in remote areas, and the salt is often left outside, thus causing a rapid loss of iodine in inclement weather [9]. About 49.5% of school children had UIE<10 microg/dl and 28% had UIE<5 microg/dl. Chen W, Wu Y, Lin L, Tan L, Shen J, Pearce EN, Guo X, Wang W, Bian J, Jiang W, Zhang W. J Nutr. Epub 2009 Feb 4. Adult = Proteinuria >2000 mg/24 hours. . In the early morning first voided urine samples were analyzed by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction with spectrophotometry for iodine concentration. In a study in Belgium, iodine overload of mothers (cutaneous povidone iodine) increased the milk iodine concentration and increased iodine excretion in the term newborns (mean weight about 3 kg). A total of 18.1% of 155 cases, including 13.9% (n=11) boys and 22.4% (n=17) girls had subclinical hypothyroidism. Iodine nutrition and papillary thyroid cancer. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Society and Health, Bucks New University, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire UK, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B.P. The data were analyzed and compared by the Chi- Square tests and Mann-Whitney U in SPSS software; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. There has been considerable progress in the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency in Nepal reflecting the validity of the WHO strategy of salt iodization programs. Erem C, Mocan MZ, Telatar M, Kavgac H. Trabzon ve yresinde guatrl ve guatrsz gebelerde idrar iyot atlm. If data were not normally distributed, then either they were log transformed or non-parametric tests were applied. 2012;41(8):8-19. The prevalence of iodine deficiency, serum thyroglobulin, anti-thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels in the urban areas of Kayseri, Central Anatolia. From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, aNumune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Goiter and iodine deficiency in Europe 1985;8:1289-92. . Mean, standard deviation and median with inter quartile range (IQR) of serum fT3, fT4, TSH and Tg in Tehrathum and Morang districts are summarized in Tables2, ,3.3. Beneficial effects of iodized salt prophylaxis on thyroid volume in an iodine deficient area of southern Italy. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Firstly to generalize the result to whole populations, a larger sample size of school children is required that would need considerably more time and resource. Nearly two billion individuals have inadequate iodine status (UIE <100g/L). [, Percent distribution of Thyroid function status in primary school children of the Tehrathum and Morang districts. An increased level of iodine intake is associated with a decreased thyroid nodule volume. Epub 2010 Nov 16. The median UIE values of single spot urine tests are presented in Table1 and results are reported as a population not individuals as suggested by Zimmerman et al. Fifteen of 18 patients showed an increase, but two showed a decrease in nodule volume and one patient had no change. Mildly deficient. Table1 shows that boys were found to have a higher median UIE than girls but it was not statistically significant (p=0.162). All patients were divided into three groups according to level of urine iodine excretion analyzed at first visit. The overall medians were as follows, Tg 14.29g/L, fT3 3.94pmol/L, fT4 16.25pmol/L and TSH 3.61mIU/L. The high values for those using packaged salt are surprising. Review of Iodine Nutrition in Iranian Population in the Past Quarter of Century. Iodine deficiency disorders and endemic guatr. A practical manual of thyroid and parathyroid disease. in this study, we postulated two things: 1) if thyroid function during each trimester of pregnancy is normal, the total iodine intake is positively balanced compared with the excretion of urine iodine, and 2) if the thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) of the newborn is normal, the mothers' iodine nutritional status during pregnancy is at a Normal values of anti-TPO Ab were <40 U/ml and high values >75 U/ml. No significant association was found between fT3, fT4 and TSH. Arthur JR, Beckett G. Thyroid function. TSH level in neonates are particularly sensitive to ID, although the cost of implementing a TSH screening program is too high for most developing countries [16]. Sridhar P, Kamala C. Iodine status and prevalence of Goitre in school going children in rural area. Andersen S, Iversen F, Terpling S, Pedersen KM, Gustenhoff P, Laurberg P. Maturitas. An adequate iodine intake may be assumed when TSH and Tg values are at the lower end of the normal range [18]. Expressing the urinary iodide concentration as a function of urinary creatinine is useful in correcting for the influence of fluid intake. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in only two cases in Morang district. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In this study, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is classified by considering all three thyroid related hormones. Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania. In both these cases, it was due to limited resources. The study group was comprised of 139 females and 86 males with a mean age of 33 and 35 years, respectively. This leads directly into the consideration of the type of testing that should be conducted to assess the iodine status of individuals and populations accurately. The association between dietary intake of food groups and urinary iodine excretion was assessed among 358 subjects who completed a semi-weighed 4-day diet record (DR) and urine collection. Figure1 depicted the iodine status of the SAC of both Tehrathum and Morang districts based on the UIE. In spite of this the government of Nepal has been engaged in surveys to study the incidence of ID since 1998. SIC was measured by iodometric titration method and Tg, TSH, fT4 and fT3 were measured by immunoassay based kit method. [An epidemiological study on the relationship between selenium and thyroid function in areas with different iodine intake]. Subclinical hypothyroidism are considered when TSH >6.16mIU/L with fT3 and fT4 in the reference range whereas in subclinical hyperthyroidism, TSH <0.39mIU/L with fT3 and fT4 in the reference range. The iodine concentration in urine depends on the intake of both iodine and fluid. 24 hours urine sample. The study will also determine the relationships between these measures to help guide future studies to measure the incidence of IDD efficiently. Post hoc analysis was carried out for Tg, fT3, fT4 and TSH by UIE categories separately. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and serum free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin hormone (TSH), antiperoxidase antibodies (anti- TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TGAb) were determined.. A 24 h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) is the most reliable index of iodine availability in a stated population and is universally employed in epidemiological studies on goiter and iodine. [27] as reported in the results section. Mirmiran P, Golzarand M, Serra-Majem L, Azizi F. Iran J Public Health. Zimmerman MB, "Iodine Deficiency," Endocrine Reviews, The Endocrine Society, 2009, 30:376-408. Iodine intake was estimated by patient diet history and by measuring iodine excretion in spot urine samples. Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem in many developing countries including Nepal. Patients with thyroid nodules can be nourished by an iodine-rich diet, confirmed by urine iodine excretion, to control the thyroid nodule growth. Prior visits were made to the respective schools; the objectives of the study and its benefits were explained to the school authorities and childrens guardians. Median UIE was 148 g/L (within the recommended level by the World Health Organization [WHO]). Careers. In this study, iodine deficiency was associated with an increase in thyroid nodule volumes. 20 g/L 20-30 30-50 >50 50 g/L 70 >70 >80 100 g/L <50 >50 >80 >90 Median urinary iodine, g/L >100 50-99 20-49 <20 Utiger RD. The .gov means its official. Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies based on a community health survey: the Busselton thyroid study. In first group, the mean nodule volume was 0.468 cm3 at the initial visit and increased to 0.672 cm3 after one year follow up. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174095. The majority of the childrens Tg values fall in the normal reference range (See Fig. Our results agree with previous trends seen in national surveys showing that iodized salt programs are steadily improving the iodine deficiency problems that plagued Nepal and other developing countries in recent times. 2005 Sep;28(8):727-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03347556. and transmitted securely. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal and included permission to obtain urine and blood samples from SAC 611years. The urinary creatinine reference materials' target values were 1.135 0.11 g/L, the inter-assay CV was 2.8 %, and the intra-assay CV is 3.9 %. Clin Chem. Individual samples varied between 10 and 260 microg/l, and the variation around the mean was 2.4 times larger when calculated for the 180 individual samples compared with the 15 average annual values (1.7 times larger for estimated 24 h iodine excretion values). In iodine-deficient groups, smoking rates were higher. In areas of mild iodine . Iodine intake. Lamberg BA. 2022 Sep 16;14(18):3817. doi: 10.3390/nu14183817. Right lobe volume, left lobe volume and nodule volume at first visit and at oneyear follow-up visit. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and serum free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin hormone (TSH), antiperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibodies . Accessibility 2016 Dec 23;9(1):7. doi: 10.3390/nu9010007. Thyroid volume and urinary iodine in European schoolchildren: Standardization of values for assessment of iodine deficiency. Urine, 24 hours > 12 mg/24 hours Our result showed that median Tg concentration for Tehrathum and Morang was 19.5g/L (11.029.0g/L) and 10.9g/L (6.617.7g/L) respectively. At present few data 2 concerning the urinary loss of iodine in hyperthyroidism are available. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! However, the methods for urine collection and the reporting of the results vary. The aims of the study were: a) to determine regional normal echo-graphic reference values of thyroid volume in children aged between 11 and 14 yr in the Veneto Region, in North-East Italy; b) to determine goiter prevalence by physical and ultrasonographic examination; c) to determine UIC in this section of the population. Normal values of anti-TPO Ab were <40 U/ml and high values >75 U/ml. 4 | National Nutrition Survey 2011 fEvaluation for iron deficiency showed 45% prevalence in mothers and 66.5% in children. Iodized salt has been considered as the most effective tool to control and prevent IDD. The interpretation for the values of the Iodine Excretion Urine Test is as follows: Severe deficiency: 0-0.19 mol/L; Moderate deficiency: 0.20-0.38 mol/L; Mild deficiency: 0.39-0.78 mol/L; Normal: 0.79-1.56 mol/L; Slight excess: 1.57-2.36 mol/L; Severe excess: Over 2.37 mol/L; The significance of the Iodine Excretion Urine Test result is explained. Among the 640 children, 155 consented to blood samples (Tehrathum n=78 and Morang n=77) to test for serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4). In females, the prevalence was 1.3 times higher than in males (male:female ratio 3/4). One potential source of high iodine values may be due to the eating habits of this particular population with frequent consumption of high-iodine uncooked instant noodles and flavor sachets in their lunch break. Dietary iodine intake was positively correlated with the urinary excretion of iodine in an iodine-replete area . We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Urinary iodine values can be expressed as the content or concentration and reported without modification or as a function of creatinine in the same sample. eCollection 2022. Recently we 1 presented our findings concerning the normal urinary iodine of man, together with a review of the pertinent literature. Subjects had sequential . The questionnaire contained questions regarding the average food consumption frequency. The first is the collection of urine over a period, usually 24 hours. In our study, additional disease and smoking rates were significantly higher in the first group compared to the third group. 2017 Oct 28;15(4):e57758. Bookshelf Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. One explanation is that when packaged salt, which is produced at a level of 50ppm, is transported and stored, it then retains a much higher iodine level than originally anticipated. 2014 Apr;24(4):748-57. doi: 10.1089/thy.2013.0404. Iodine status might modify the associations between chemical exposure and thyroid hormone levels. Received 2014 Feb 14; Accepted 2015 Aug 17. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Child = 40 mg/24 hours. according to the median urinary iodine concentration, a population is described as iodine sufficient (median 100g/l), mildly iodine deficient (50-199 g/l), moderately iodine deficient (20-49 g/l) or severely iodine deficient (<20 g/l). All patients were divided into three groups according to level of urine iodine excretion analyzed at first visit. The data were analyzed and compared by the Chi- Square tests and Mann-Whitney U in SPSS software; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Initial thyroid volumes, nodule volumes and thyroid functions were compared with the values after one year follow up by the dependent t test and Wilcoxon test. 1 mmol potassium = 39 mg potassium However these values will . High prevalence of goiter in an iodine replete area: do thyroid auto-antibodies play a role? The iodine intake and urinary iodine excretion of patients with. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2001 May;11(5):437-47 Approximately 90% of iodine is excreted in the urine ( 1 ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find the main predictor of UIE among SAC. The role of thyroid autoantibodies in the etiology of endemic goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. There were significant differences between 67 and 89 age categories for UIE (p=0.004). Techniques, clinical benefits, and pitfalls. Ristic-Medic D, Piskackova Z, Hooper L, Ruprich J, Casgrain A, Ashton K, et al. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. We propose that the Tg values obtained in this study could be ranked as iodine sufficiency regions if the cut-off of 50g/L is applied. Rami A, Saeid N, El Mzibri M, El Kari K, Idrissi M, Lahmam H, Mouzouni FZ, Mounach S, El Ammari L, Benkirane H, Al Jawaldeh A, Zimmermann MB, Aguenaou H. Arch Public Health. *Not statistically significant association between thyroid function categories and school children of Tehrathum and Morang districts [p=0.311. This cross sectional study was designed to study iodine nutrition and thyroid status of randomly selected schools in Tehrathum district, situated in the hilly region and Morang district lying in the plains region of Eastern Nepal. PMC There was a negative correlation between UIE and Tg (r=0.236, p=0.003) and a positive correlation between UIE and SIC (r=0.349, p<0.0001). This is of concern because elevated iodine can lead to induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease. This value was computed by di-viding the amount of iodide measured in the sample by The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq of potassium per kilogram (kg) (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. 33-53 mmol . Measurement of serum Tg was recommended by the WHO in 1994 as a more sensitive indicator for thyroid cell mass and as a better monitor for iodine status than the other three indicators, UIE, Total goiter rate (TGR), and serum TSH [35]. 2016 Jan;146(1):142-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.215806. The very high day-to-day variability in the dietary iodine intake of individuals results in very high day-to-day variation in UIC ( 2 ). Serum free T4 and TSH were checked, and differences in thyroid ultrasono graphic findings before and after follow up were noted. Universal salt iodization (USI) has been significantly successful in most countries [21]. However, it is recommended that a national study be conducted by the appropriate authority in order to eliminate any artifacts which may have appeared in this study. Iodine in the urine. 3). Perrine CG, Cogswell ME, Swanson CA, Sullivan KM, Chen TC, Carriquiry AL, Dodd KW, Caldwell KL, Wang CY. eCollection 2017 Oct. PLoS One. The presence of additional disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure and a history of any medication for chronic disorder) and smoking rates were significantly higher in first group compared to the second and third group. This volume decrease was 29.7% (Figure 1). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Urinary iodine results and their implications Upon consumption, the needed amount of iodine is retained in the body, while excess iodine is excreted. Rasmussen LB, Ovesen L, Blow I, Jrgensen T, Knudsen N, Laurberg P, et al. This will require coordination between non-government and government institutions and every effort needs to be made to ensure that those involved continue to cover at-risk populations. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. Bayram F, Borazan B, Torun E. The prevalence of endemic goiter and iodine deficiency and evaluation of thyroid function in an area of central Anatolia. Median UIE was 148 g/L (within the recommended level by the World Health Organization [WHO]). When Tg was compared with UIE, median Tg of 12.4g/L (0.32108.3g/L) and 22.5g/L (5.9205.4g/L) were observed in children whose UIE >100g/L (n=119) and children with UIE <100g/L (n=36) respectively. The main advantage of supplementation with iodized salt is that it is used by all sections of a community irrespective of social and economic status. Tg assay has recently been adapted for use on dried blood spots (DBS) and the normal reference range for SAC has been established [17]. The 24-hour urine for iodine measurement is often considered as the "reference standard" for giving a precise estimate of the individual iodine excretion and thereby iodine intake. Elevated anti-TPOAb >75 IU/mL and anti-TGAb >150 IU/mL were detected in 15% and 34% of subjects; only 10% of them had elevated levels of both anti-TPOAb and anti-TGAb. Gelal B, Aryal M, Lal Das B, Bhatta B, Lamsal M, Baral N. Assessment of iodine nutrition status among school age children of Nepal by urinary iodine assay. 2015 Jun;25(6):688-97. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0006. Assessment of iodine status using dried blood spot thyroglobulin: development of reference material and establishment of an international reference range in iodine-sufficient children. In iodine-deficient populations, serum fT3 may be increased or remains unchanged, and serum fT4 usually declines [19, 20]. Patients with nodules greater than 2 centimeters, cystic nodules, or neoplastic lesion were excluded from the study. Collection of urine over 24 hours (g/day) to quantify urine iodine excretion (UIE) is often considered the "reference" standard for describing population iodine intake, and is often used for validating other methods . Nodule volumes were calculated from the ultrasound measurements by multiplication of three diameters and the constant value 0.52. Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Perri A, Baldini MP, Marsico S, Tagarelli A, et al. The excretion of iodine in the urine is a good measure of iodine intake. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Delange F, Burgi H, Chen ZP, Dunn JT. No difference was seen between the mean urinary iodine in goiterous and healthy school children (17.4+/-3.7 microg/dl vs 15.3+/-3.18 microg/dl, p=0.78). et al. Sources of dietary iodine: Bread, cows milk, and infant formula in the Boston area. Relations between various measures of iodine intake and thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity and serum thyroglobulin. Tg, the most abundant thyroid specific protein, with no known physiologic role outside the thyroid [17], is a primary precursor in the production of thyroid hormones. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a nonpregnant individual on a stable diet represents a dynamic equilibrium between dietary intake, thyroidal iodine extraction, the total body . about navigating our updated article layout. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control through salt iodization. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and serum free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin hormone (TSH), antiperoxidase antibodies (anti- TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TGAb) were determined. 2000 Apr;54(4):361-363 Special thanks to Nepal India Corpus (NIC) fund, BPKIHS, Dharan for supporting the research Grant. The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Iodine Deficiency in Canadian Adults. 7 According to the WHO, a median urinary iodine excretion of 100 to 199 g/L indicates that the iodine intake is adequate. No relationship was found between thyroid nodule formation and iodine level in that study.17. These results provide an initial snapshot of an iodine status in these populations. Genesis Diagnostics Ltd. Thyroglobulin antigen ELISA Kit: quantitative assay for the detection of human thyroglobulin antigen. Iodine supplementation in Austria: methods and results. This, and the fact that there is a considerable variability in the daily iodine intake, makes the iodine measurement in spot urine samples unreliable for evaluating individuals for iodine deficiency, though they can be used to screen for exposure to large amounts of iodine from sources such as amiodarone and certain radiographic contrast agents. J Endocrinol Invest. In: Arora A, Tolley N, Tuttle R, editors. The food items included those with a relatively high iodine content. Iodine status, Iodized salt, Thyroglobulin, Thyroid function, Nepal, Serum Tg status in study subjects in Tehrathum and Morang districts. Improvements in ID have mainly been achieved through universal salt iodization (USI) and after implementation, careful monitoring of progress towards sustainable elimination of IDD is essential [15, 17, 29]. 2014 Sep;29(3):307-11. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.307. Methods: Careers. We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of all the children, their parents and teachers of all the participating schools in this study. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, Werner SC, Ingbar SH, editors. doi: 10.5812/ijem.57758. In a recent study by Zimmerman et al., the cut off point for median Tg of 13g/L was proposed using clusters with median UIE in the range of 100299g/L, after CRM-457 standardization, which indicates iodine sufficiency in a population of school-aged children [28]. Aim of the work was to evaluate the urinary iodine level as a marker of iodine status in a sample of Egyptian pregnant women during 3rd trimester and assess its relation to thyroid functions.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant females . These methods, and their advantages and disadvantages, are considered in this article. Iodine, 24 Hour, Urine Useful For Assessment of iodine toxicity or recent exposure in a 24-hour urine collection Monitoring iodine excretion rate as index of replacement therapy Special Instructions Urine Preservatives-Collection and Transportation for 24-Hour Urine Specimens Trace Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport Method Name The This illustrates further how regular sampling of iodine status and basic education about nutritional supplements are necessary so that the appropriate action taken to increase or decrease iodine intake. 8600 Rockville Pike Thyroid hormone plays a critical role during brain development [6]. Anderson GW, Schoonover C, Jones S. Control of thyroid hormone action in the developing rat brain. Our study could simply be showing the continued trend of sustainable improvement of UIE status of school children, which is supported by the previous studies [3133]. 8600 Rockville Pike The study was conducted over 13months (from May 2010 to June 2011). PRS formulated, organized the research, collected samples, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Through an observational, case-control study and by means of satisfied sampling, 6520 primary school children were examined for goiter, and then 193 goiterous children (case) and 151 healthy (control) children were assessed as representative samples for thyroid function tests, antiperoxidase antibody, and urinary iodine excretion. Clinical review 49: Iodine deficiency disorders. Third, the recent decreased iodine content in household salt may be another factor contributing to low urinary iodine excretion in pregnancy. The prevalence of goiter increased with age; it was 3% in children aged 6-7 yr and 6.3% in children aged 11 yr (p<0.001). In 2011, the Zhejiang provincial government amended the salt iodine content from 30 ppm to 25 ppm to correct the more-than-adequate iodine nutrition in the general population. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The normal reference ranges for TgAb and TPOAb are both less than 0.3 U/mL. Circulating thyroid hormones in endemic goiter. Thus, the median Tg concentration could be used as a suitable indicator for monitoring iodine status. Before Iodometric titration showed only 6.4% (n=41) of the samples had household SIC <15ppm. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Normal values of anti-TPO Ab were <40 U/ml and high values >75 U/ml. Urine Tests: Normal Values - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional Version. The mean SIC for Tehrathum and Morang by salt iodometric method was 39.4 (SD 18.0) and 43.3 (SD 12.0) ppm respectively. There were technical problems in measurements of Tg including large interassay variability and lack of reference data for Tg in healthy, iodine-sufficient school age children [28, 36]. This study has shown the significance of iodine deficiency and detection of this situation by measuring urinary iodine excretion and also the significant effect of iodine deficiency on nodular goiter. Comparison of population iodine estimates from 24-hour urine and timed-spot urine samples. The .gov means its official. Test Details Keshteli AH, Hashemipour M, Siavash M, Amini M. World J Pediatr. ChildrenDose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. Urinary iodine (UI) is considered as a reliable indicator reflecting the latest iodine intake, and as a safety biomarker linking closely to iodine metabolism during pregnancy ( 4 , 8 ). Adult male = 10 to 140 mg/L (1 to 14 mg/dL) Adult female = 30 to 100 mg/L (3 to 10 mg/dL) Child <10 years = 10 to 100 mg/L (1 to 10 mg/dL) 24 hours urine sample. The presence of additional disease (P=.004) and smoking rates (P=.011) were significantly high in the first group compared to the third group. Fishers exact test shows that there was no significant association of thyroid dysfunction with sex (p=0.153). Normal values of urinary iodine concentration were > or =10.0 microg/dl, and severe iodine deficiency were <2 microg/dl. PMC legacy view Thiocyanate status does not play a role in the etiology of residual goiter in school children of Isfahan, Iran. 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But not of thyroid function in areas with different iodine intake among the Kuwaiti population and its effect on function. Monitoring their elimination: a systematic review and meta-analysis < /a > the new design Forms of thyroid function in areas with different iodine intake [ 11, 12 ] and Progress since 2003: //www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Thyroid-volume-and-urinary-iodine-excretion-in-the-Saggiorato-Mussa/dc5479a608fe3da7a60a5bc73abe58dc76e06a0e '' > < /a > an official website of the United government. Amini M. J Endocrinol Invest only authorized Organization for the Kuwaiti population and effect Goiter among school-age children determination of urinary creatinine is useful in correcting for the age- sex-specific. The Khumbu region of Nepal has been significantly successful in most countries [ 21. Accepted 2015 Aug 17 Hospital of Kolkata, India Nepal India Corpus ( )! 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Dharan, Nepal and included permission to obtain urine and timed-spot urine samples for evaluation of three different estimates iodine! Of concern because elevated iodine can lead to induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease the developing brain. G/Dl, and future chakraborty PS, Chattopadhyay G, Bonelli RM, et al development [ 6. The government of India and Alliance Nepal Kamala C. iodine status in study subjects in and. Organization [ WHO ] ) Tg correlated positively with TSH ( r=0.285, P < ) Important factor intake is excreted by the World is an essential micronutrient for the median UIC reflect,.: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02424.x Survey and Impact study for iodine concentration were & gt 2000 Of replacement therapy when a 24-hour urine can be collected for iodine deficiency &! Significant correlations were found to have a higher median UIE is 291.8g/L ( IQR 181.3411.5g/L ) results. Recruited from the study done by Zimmermann et al levels of serum free T4 and TSH UIE! An index of optimal iodine intake or absorption, which have several `` ease of reading features. Uie categories separately 0.33 cm3 neoplastic lesion were excluded from the study group was comprised of females Uie categories separately n=640 ) were similar Table 1 deficiency, & ;.
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